Dental-derived MSCs exhibit the same properties as bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs); moreover, they possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory benefits in the local dental tissue environment.

The regenerative activity of MSCs after transplantation can be achieved in several ways. It can be either by direct engraftment and differentiation of MSCs into newly formed tissue or by direct or indirect secretory signaling immunoregulation

The efficacy of stem cell therapy for the reconstruction of alveolar cleft and traumatic defects in adults was investigated. In a randomized controlled clinical trial, eighteen patients whose treatment was based on conventional autologous block grafting or autologous BM-MSC transplantation treated with ixmyelocel-t participated. Four months after transplantation, the graft sites were re-injected to assess the stability of the implant, and at six months, the success of the regenerative process was analyzed. Overall, the results demonstrated the ability of stem cell therapy to safely stimulate bone regeneration, with limited potential in the case of large alveolar defects.