Medical Articles

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into a wide range of cell types and are an integral part of the body's internal repair system. Stem cells can essentially divide indefinitely, replenish damaged cells, and produce highly differentiated descendants.

Depending on whether exosomes have been artificially modified, they are broadly classified into natural exosomes and engineered exosomes.

In recent years, there has been a notable increase in bone tissue injuries due to various factors, driving scientific research to develop innovative solutions such as bone tissue engineering as an effective alternative to compensate for tissue defects. Despite advancements in traditional bone engineering methods, challenges remain related to biomaterials, cells, and biological factors, paving the way for new therapeutic options that rely on stimulating autologous skeletal stem cells (SSCs) to regenerate bone directly at the injury site, without the need for external cell transplantation.  

Since the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in 2006, the field has witnessed tremendous progress over the past two decades. This progress has enabled the widespread use of these cells and their derivatives, including differentiated cells and organoids, in modeling neurological diseases, understanding pathological mechanisms, and developing cell therapies.