Another approach to using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) to treat aging, using a "cell-free" therapeutic approach, is the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs). These have numerous advantages over stem cells, as well as their safety concerns. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles (AD-MSCs-EVs) have been shown to combat photoaging. They were analyzed as subcutaneous injections in photoaged mouse models. The treatment resulted in a reduction in skin wrinkles and enhanced epidermal cell proliferation. Additionally, it reduced macrophage infiltration and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting MMP activation and collagen degradation.




